Starbucks s Organizational Culture, Leadership, And...

Assignment 1: Starbucks’ Strategy Kitwana Abercrumbie Dr. David Wells MGT 500 Modern Management April 15, 2017 Starbucks is the world’s leading place to grab a cup of coffee, and the number one company worldwide in the food service industry. Although it is an American company, it is also the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the world. Thanks in part to strong global sales, Starbucks was recently named by Fortune as one of the World s Most Admired Companies . Through its unwavering commitment to excellence and guiding principles, Starbuck s has been able to become a blueprint for organizational culture, leadership, and management traits. Suggest the key elements of Starbucks’ organizational culture†¦show more content†¦Lastly, Starbuck s has developed a culture of openess. Initially, employees had a fear of speaking up to their superiors. To address this issue, former Starbucks President Behar introduced open forums to encourage employees to ask questions and communicate with superiors. Through this feature of its organizational culture, Starbucks empowers employees and facilitates innovation. A successful organizational culture needs consistency. Management must remain consistant with exhibiting the key elements of the Starbucks culture which has permeated all aspects of its business. They must practice outstanding communication, hire diversely, and encourage both employees and customers to address their problems and concerns without the fear of confrontation or retaliation. Assess the effectiveness of Starbucks’ management decisions in providing innovative offerings for its customers (e.g., WiFi, style of coffee, etc.) in order to achieve its current competitive marketplace advantage. Provide support for your rationale. Advances in technology drive competition and help innovative companies gain market share (Daft, R. 2012). Starbucks management has been very effective in providing innovative offerings for its customers while also achieving its current marketplace advantage. Although Starbucks is one of the strongest brands in the business, the company is constantly proving that even when you re at the top you can always look for ways to improve. The companyShow MoreRelatedStarbucks and Leadership Traits Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pages One statement made by Starbucks on the structure of leadership is through our unwavering commitment to excellence and our guiding principles, we bring the unique Starbucks Experience to life for every customer through every cup† (Starbucks, 2013).). Starbucks has been a leader in the beverage industry since the 1980’s; yes Starbucks opened before that but did not start to control the industry until the 80’s. Leadership has always been a point of emphasis within the company not only with its internalRead MoreStarbucks Organizational Culture And Key Leadership1346 Words   |  6 Pages MGT500 Modern Management Prof.Carolyn Green 1/21/2017 Introduction: Starbucks Organizational Culture Key Leadership, Management Traits Starbucks distinctly stands out from other food or beverage chains in terms of the consistent quality of experience, that is symbolic of the company. A number of aspects have enabled the company to foster this consistency: a culture based on communication and centered around the customer, innovationRead MoreStarbucks Management and Leadership1842 Words   |  8 PagesStarbucks Management and Leadership Christy Anderson MGT/330 Tonya T. Moore August 22, 2010 Starbucks Management and Leadership Starbucks Coffee Company came from humble beginnings when it started out as a simple cafà © in Seattle, Washington, in 1971. Originally founded by Howard Schultz and located in the historic Pike Place Market, that single store has since multiplied to more than 15,000 stores located in 50 countries. Starbucks Coffee Company has realized a success which is admired by companiesRead MoreInfluencing Group Communications2468 Words   |  10 PagesInfluencing Group Communication Leadership Styles and Group Communication Before discussing leadership styles and their affects on group communications of a specific company, it is important to first identify the organizational structure of that company. Different organizational structures may lend themselves more toward specific leadership styles then others. â€Å"A company’s individual organizational structure is a formal composition of task reporting relationships that allows the company toRead MoreCoffee and Starbucks10899 Words   |  44 Pagesdiscussion Part (1) Starbucks product’s competitive priorities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Part (2) Starbucks critical analysis, services and manufacturing strategies...5 Part (3) Product life cycle†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Part (4) the flow diagram processes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Part (5) Tools and standards applied to keep tracking in the industry†¦..†¦15 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.17 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦19 Abstract Starbucks opened its first location in Seattle s Pike Place Market inRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Starbucks1825 Words   |  8 Pagessuch as Starbucks coffee. It is well known that coffee is a generally cheap commodity that is often served complementary. However, Starbucks made its millions on creating a brand, which is defined as an â€Å"entity that engenders an emotional connection with a consumer† (Millman, 2011). This includes the Starbucks’ cool store atmosphere, a place to meet friends, and the status symbol that comes with holding a Starbucks cup of coffee in one’s hand. Leading up to the Great Recession, Starbucks had aRead MoreStrategic Management1702 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Strategic management and leadership The organizational hierarchy and economic conditions directly impacts the roles and functions of business leaders. Therefore, it is imperative that one reviews organizational structure in order to understand leadership traits and characteristics. Due to the constantly evolving economy, companies are aiming to adopt a more elastic strategic management configuration so as to assist the maximization of the employee satisfaction and to get rid of any inflexibilityRead MoreLeadership, Decision Making And Organizational Success Essay2227 Words   |  9 Pagesorganization. The problems and questions this research will explore are based on leadership, decision-making, and structure as well as its effects on organizational well-being in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. This research paper will examine and explore a number of leadership styles, including autocratic, bureaucratic, democratic, charismatic, situational, transactional, and transformational in regards to organizatio nal success. A leader’s approach has the ability to influence the productivityRead MoreReviewing And Modifying Management Structures And Business Processes1773 Words   |  8 Pages ‘Organizational change is about reviewing and modifying management structures and business processes.’ (Basu, 2015) In short organisational change is how an organisation adapts to stay up to date with not only their competitors but with economic climate and external influences. It is an important part of an organisations growth and as such it can have unknown risks involved in its practice. Thus meaning it has to be controlled and measured accordingly as to ensure success or initiatives will failRead MoreStarbucks3311 Words   |  14 Pages|Starbucks: Leaderships | |MGMT 451 Fall 2011 Dr. Peter Geib | |Christelle Dominique Timothy Bjornson | |Yuchi Kawakami Zaklina Aguilar | Introduction Coffee has historically been a beverage that has significant cultural impact, as over coffee people would socialize and make important decisions. Nowadays the most well known coffee house that spreads from the Forbidden City to the colorful

Ben Franklin and Booker T. Washington Free Essays

Benjamin Franklin and Booker T. Washington were both American personalities that assumed great importance in the history of the United States. Franklin was born in 1706, in Boston, to an English father and an American mother. We will write a custom essay sample on Ben Franklin and Booker T. Washington or any similar topic only for you Order Now Washington, on the other hand, having a family history of slaves, did not know his origins or anything about his ancestries. As the author himself says in his autobiography, â€Å"My life had its beginning in the midst of the most miserable, desolate, and discouraging surroundings. (Washington, p. 15). He only knew his mother, a brother and a sister and he did not even know the time or the place of his birth. In spite of some significant differences in their early lives and, after, along their trajectories, Benjamin Franklin and Booker T. Washington’s autobiographies reveal that similarities between them are prevalent. Even separated by a gap of a hundred and fifty years between their birth dates, they shared same thoughts, same principles and resembling aims. Since they have so much in common, it is valid to say that Washington’s â€Å"Up From Slavery† can be considered a black version of Franklin’s autobiography. Born in a family of slaves, Booker T. Washington was a typical African-American of the 19th century, used to be a working-man. After the Civil War, which had as its main consequence the emancipation of the slaves, Booker worked as a salt-miner and as a coal-miner, before he becomes a houseboy, working as a servant for the wife of the owner of the mines. After that, he applied to Hampton Agricultural Institute and had to split his time between working and studying. Benjamin Franklin was an important personality of American History, a versatile man who was an intellectual, a scientist, an inventor, a diplomat, a politician and best known for being among the political leaders who took part in the American Revolution, by signing the United States Declaration of Independence, as one of the â€Å"Founding Fathers†. Born to a middle-class family, Franklin went to a grammar school but, for financial reasons, he had to be transferred to another one to study writing and arithmetic. Yet, just like Booker, he was also a working-man during his boyhood. He left school to work as a chandler, making and selling candles with his father, who, later, noticed Franklin’s interest in books, so he was sent to work with his uncle as a printer. Perhaps because of the previous tough time they had in life, each one his particular ways and in specific situations, both of them put all of their efforts on an attempt of eaching better ways of living, and they succeeded. That is why they are considered examples of what is called the â€Å"self-made man†, the man who makes himself by what he does and command his own destiny; people who rise from poverty and bad living conditions and who are able to achieve success and recognition on their own merit. Since he was not enrolled at school, Benjamin Franklin pro vided himself a self-education, based on the Socratic method, which he ended up abandoning later on. He also was trying to improve his English. Also trying to fight for a chance of acquiring some knowledge, Booker had to cheat on his boss to be on time for school, face his classmates who were more well off than himself and invent a last name, considering it was a request of the school and, as an ex-slave, he did not have one. When he went to Hampton Institute, he was refused shelter for being black and he could not count on anybody, so he had to sleep on the streets and work for meals. He could not even afford his books and clothes, but he did not give in and he did not give up on his studies. Further on, he would say â€Å"Nothing ever comes to one, that is worth having, except as a result of hard work† (Washington, p. 135). Both Franklin and Washington believed that education and a good job would guide people to self-respect and an economic independence. Moreover, their entrepreneurial spirit was a common outstanding aspect of their personalities. Under his direction, Booker inaugurated the Tuskegee Institute, a school for black people which was focused on industrial training, praising the virtues of thrift and patience, mainly: â€Å"[†¦] by patience and hard work, we brought order out of chaos, just as will be true of any problem if we stick to it with patience and wisdom and earnest effort† (Washington, p. 60). Earlier, in 1729, Franklin had begun a newspaper called The Pennsylvania Gazette. â€Å"Lose no time; be always employ’d in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions† (Franklin, p. 4), this is what leads people to success; industry is the way to get there. Booker T. Washington was a humble man, but he knew how to balance his modesty with a touch of ambition. However, he attributes his success to his belief in many of the virtues that were also praised by Benjamin Franklin, as selflessness, industry, pragmatism and optimism. Franklin based the course of his entire life on a list of th irteen virtues he thought were a must in the process of arriving at moral perfection. There are some of them that can summarize everything he used to preach along his life, which would be: order – â€Å"Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time†; resolution – â€Å"Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve†; frugality – â€Å"Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i. e. , waste nothing†; sincerity – â€Å"Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly† (Franklin, p. 94); and, of course, industry. Franklin was raised by a Presbyterian family, but he turned out to become a Deist. Thus, he thought he would succeed in the pursuit of his moral improvement as an individual – by following some virtues and putting their concept into practice – not as a member of any church. Nevertheless, he believed in the existence of a deity, a God that has to do with the creation and maintenance of the world, but has nothing to do with one’s life. To this God, he thanks for the blessings that were given to him through his way to a successful life. â€Å"And now I speak of thanking God, I desired with all humility to acknowledge that I owe the mentioned happiness of my past life to His kind providence, which lead me to the means I used and gave them success† (Franklin, p. 7). Likewise, Booker also expresses his gratitude to God for the same kind of support, but, in opposition to Franklin, he was thankful to a Christian divinity and faithful to the doctrine of his church. Due to their ideal conduct, Benjamin Franklin and Booker T. Washington were considered examples of good citizens. Franklin wrote his life story as an intent of immortalize himself through his behavior, also immortalizing his actions by featuring all his great deeds. This way he could motivate and encourage people to do the same: â€Å"†¦and having gone so far through life with a considerable share of felicity, the conducing means I made use of, [†¦], my posterity may like to know, as they may find some of them suitable to their own situations, and therefore fit to be imitated. (Franklin, p. 6). And so did Washington in â€Å"Up From Slavery†, through which he intended to serve as a model for others to follow but, differently from Franklin, he didn’t have the self-promotion as one of his purposes. Booker expected his readers to feel instigated and stimulated to keep going on with his good manners and become followers of his moral principles. Besides the will of telling people their lives, the attempt of helping others to pursue their own self-making was among their objectives. In conclusion, both the autobiographies narrate two lives that, despite of the time, were founded on similar values that were regarded as tools to achieve a better future life. These two works aim to inspire people to do things that could lead them to social ascension. Besides, their authors used a literary style and a structure very much alike – enlightening some virtues and speaking with a sense of humor, employing direct prose and punctuating the narrative with lively illustrative anecdotes. The main difference between them is that Booker T. Washington was involved with black people issues, since he was born a slave and had been always dealing with the Negroes turbulent and troubled reality as a â€Å"tough-minded analyst of power who had to balance the demands of blacks with the constraints imposed on him by whites† (http://ukcatalogue. oup. com), whereas Benjamin Franklin acted in the white majority scene, with no need to be worried about any racial question as a priority. How to cite Ben Franklin and Booker T. Washington, Papers

The Emerging Leader Leadership Development Based by Magnet® Model

Question: Discuss about The Emerging Leader for Leadership Development Based by Magnet Model? Answer: Needs are the gaps present between the desirable situation and the actual situation regarding any particular topic. This is very relevant to nursing, as this field requires a process by which priorities can be determined, and improvements can be made (Nguyen Brenda Zierler, 2011). Needs assessment helps in better patient outcomes with respect to the nursing field (Horsch et al. 2011). The present needs assessment done was on the subject of leadership development in nursing. This was done in order to meet the healthcare needs. Development of a leadership area for nursing would help the interdisciplinary teams in making the plan for better care. This writing is on the needs assessment done, the methodology, in brief, the data collected, interpretation and analysis of data and future implications. A conclusion has been drawn after that from the nursing leadership needs assessment undertaken. Procedure The emphasis during the needs assessment was on the present leadership in nursing and the requirement to develop it, a prediction of the future need of the nursing leadership, the needs of the patient and their families who are the end recipients of health care, organisational assessment of leadership and how a leadership program can fulfil the needs for the practice settings. The present needs assessment was carried out by taking interviews of the stakeholders. Ten multi-specialty hospitals were chosen as the settings and the critical care wards and the geriatric wards were included in the assessment. The participants were 5 registered nurses, five enrolled nurses from each of the wards, ten patients from each of the wards and one family member of each patient. Open-ended questions were asked to the participants and recorded in an appropriate manner. Ethics was maintained while doing so and the participants comfort was taken care of. These are crucial while conducting interviews (Lucas, 2014). The needs assessment was done by allocating time from the clinical hours. Appropriate utilisation of time made the process of carrying out the assessment easy and convenient (Knutsen-Larson et al. 2012). One hospital was taken at a time for undertaking the assessment and on completion of the assessment with all the participants, mainly the nurses and the patients, the next hospital was taken up. In cases where the family members of the patients could not be contacted within the allotted time, it was noted down and made sure that the person is contacted afterwards. For proper data collection, it was very much essential to have a complete set of data. Data collection and interpretation The findings revealed that nursing leadership development need was the greatest in the area of developing the profession. This involved interdisciplinary and organisational working, interaction with other professionals in the health care sector and making the impact on the health policies and clinical decision-making. On the other hand development need was considered as lower in aspects having relation to managing patient care delivery in an effective manner and the system of care within which enrolled nurses and registered nurses operate. Enrolled nurses reported higher leadership development needs than the registered nurses. The differences were in dimensions of a presence of skills for clinical leadership and development of the profession. A significant difference was observed between the enrolled nurses and the registered nurses in the field of managing the clinical section of nursing. This analysis revealed that the enrolled nurses expressed a greater leadership development need. There were no particular differences between the enrolled nurses and the registered nurses in the dimensions of developing the individuality, incorporating self-development and self-awareness. These were seen as important. The interviews conducted confirmed the main findings from the national survey. The results of the interviews showed some amount of disagreement on the definition of clinical leadership. There was a consensus that it was founded on experience, credibility and expertise. Being a clinical leader was taken up as the most challenging aspects for enrolled nurses because of the new responsibilities, poor definition of the role and conflicting ideas. The interviews indicated that nurses are the clinical leaders who can be considered as the guardians of patient care, and it is thereby expected that they undertake advanced practice by implementing advocacy for the interests of the patients and maintenance of the care standards. One significant aspect that needs to be mentioned in relation to the assessment is that the nurses among the participants thought themselves to be well placed for providing clinical leadership. The issue was that they pointed out was that the role they had been often misused and the contributions they made were unrecognised to a great extent. Discussion As nurses move apart from direct nursing care or are new to the nursing field, they are not much sure of the roles they have and therefore, the nursing leadership needs are more (Sandstrm et al. 2011). The successful development of nurses as clinical leaders needs planned approaches and different techniques that certainly takes into account team, individual and health care setting characteristics (MacPhee et al. 2012). Nursing leadership needs are greater in aspects that are related to interprofessional working. Need is taken up as lower in aspects that are directly associated with direct care (Curtis et al. 2011). Nursing leadership development programs must be constructed after the nurse development needs are well known. As nursing leadership is a shared responsibility, the registered nurses must help the enrolled nurses in implementing effective nursing leadership. If they work together, they can definitely secure the influence and recognition they need in relation with nursing le adership. Partnership arrangements between nursing educators and health services can thus provide the synergies for strategic development of nursing leadership. Future implications The needs assessment done throws light on the present situation of nursing leadership and its role in the health care sector. It can be said that a national clinical leadership framework is required for supporting all grades of nurses. What is significant in this regard is that there is a need to recognise the fact that different clinical grades may have separate and individual needs. A combined approach accounting for leadership development and a leader is very much required (Corazzini et al. 2014). Leadership development must help nurses to maintain their nursing practice within the context of their health care organisation. In particular, strategies must be developed for helping the nurses articulate the discrete contribution to patient care. Both leadership development, on an interpersonal and organisational basis, and leader development, on interpersonal and organisational basis must be taken up as part of the broad spectrum of clinical and nursing leadership development (Benjam in et al. 2011). Development programs incorporate the essential learning experiences based in health care settings, and opportunities must be given to the nurses taking part in it for reflecting on the experiences they have. More needs assessments must be carried out for putting forward more recommendations for bringing improvements in nursing leadership. Conclusion Much difference persists between the desirable scenario on nursing leadership and the actual present scenario as experienced by the nurses and the patients along with the family members. Moreover, the enrolled nurses, including the novice nurses, needs more leadership skills that registered nurses. For meeting the nursing leadership development needs, the nurses must undertake the effective programs for developing education and providing training. Such programs will include rich content on the basics of leadership as the foundation for development. A complete package for leadership development training must incorporate expert input in the theoretical aspects, interdisciplinary learning and experiential learning in nursing practice (Blumenthal et al. 2012). Theory elements can be developed and then executed using the several available study methods, including modern methods like e-learning. The overall positive impact of enhanced nursing leadership will therefore be on better patient care as reflected by better patient outcomes. References Benjamin, K., Riskus, R., Skalla, A. (2011). The Emerging Leader: Leadership Development Based On The Magnet Model.Journal of Nursing Administration,41(4), 156-158. Blumenthal, D. M., Bernard, K., Bohnen, J., Bohmer, R. (2012). Addressing the leadership gap in medicine: residents' need for systematic leadership development training.Academic Medicine,87(4), 513-522. Corazzini, K., Twersky, J., White, H. K., Buhr, G. T., McConnell, E. S., Weiner, M., Coln-Emeric, C. S. (2014). Implementing culture change in nursing homes: An adaptive leadership framework.The Gerontologist, gnt170. Curtis, E. A., Sheerin, F. K., de Vries, J. (2011). Developing leadership in nursing: the impact of education and training.British Journal of Nursing,20(6), 344-352. Horsch, A., Hapfelmeier, A., Elter, M. (2011). Needs assessment for next generation computer-aided mammography reference image databases and evaluation studies.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery,6(6), 749-767. Knutsen-Larson, S., Dawson, A. L., Dunnick, C. A., Dellavalle, R. P. (2012). Acne vulgaris: pathogenesis, treatment, and needs assessment.Dermatologic clinics,30(1), 99-106. Lucas, S. R. (2014). Beyond the existence proof: ontological conditions, epistemological implications, and in-depth interview research.Quality Quantity,48(1), 387-408. MacPhee, M., Skelton Green, J., Bouthillette, F., Suryaprakash, N. (2012). An empowerment framework for nursing leadership development: supporting evidence.Journal of Advanced Nursing,68(1), 159-169. Nguyen, D. N., Brenda Zierler, R. N. (2011). A survey of nursing faculty needs for training in use of new technologies for education and practice.Journal of Nursing Education,50(4), 181. Sandstrm, B., Borglin, G., Nilsson, R., Willman, A. (2011). Promoting the implementation of evidence based practice: A literature review focusing on the role of nursing leadership.Worldviews on Evidence Based Nursing,8(4), 212-223.

Genetic Enhancement Essays - Molecular Biology, Biotechnology

Genetic Enhancement Complaining about What is scarring people in these days is the possibility of cloning discoveries. At this point the question is: how this discovery will affect our society? And what is the scientists goal?. We all are worried about this discovery because what come out from scientists it is not really reassuring. Even scientists don't know what will be the long- term's effects of ?playing? with genes if they might have bad results on patient's descendants. Moreover, by altering the natural course of nature on people, making them thinner, healthier we might increase marginalizazion and discrimination of people who can't or just don't want to be genetically enhanced. In response to pressure from society, We should stop and think before allowed scientists to go on without strict controls. All the attention these days to concerns about human cloning has pushed other controversial areas of medical science into shadows. The first attempts are to carry out genetic enhancement in humans could soon be under way. The goal of genetic enhancement is not to treat people with diseases or abnormalities, but to make healthy people more attractive. To do so, it would employ the recombinant- DNA techniques from monocular biology that emerged in the 1970s. This permits scientists to remove individual genes from one organism and introduce them into another, even on another species. Although we belief that The therapy aims to overcome health problems by giving the effected individuals the normal- or functioning- gene. Allowing genetic enhancement in more than a few very special cases poses real problems. First, the risks to the patient at present are very great compared with the possible benefits. We sill know very little about how they act- a single gene can have multiple effects in different parts of the body. Moreover, genes do not act alone: the ire effects are amplified, demitted, or counterbalanced by others genes in ways that we do not understand. We might be willing to expose a patient to great risks to treat grave disease. Subjecting someone risk is ethically unacceptable if the person seeking treatment is healthy. Second, genetic enhancement may pose risks to others, particularly to patient's offspring. We do not know whether gene therapy might contaminate the genetic material of the gonads. Because of this, genetic enhancement might create serious enhancement unacceptably high when weighed against the possible benefits. Genetic enhancement might reinforce irrational societal prejudices. People who do not wish to be genetically enhanced eventually night be marginalized or suffer discrimination. We should not simply throw up hands and lament that nothing can be done to stop genetic enhancement. Instead, we need to decide what enhancements we consider unacceptable, and to prevent their use. A helpful model is the moratorium that scientists imposed on themselves in the early 197's, when they had just discovered how to manipulate genetic material trough recombinant DNA techniques. If we do not establish some guidelines now, we are likely to find ourselves focusing only on the short term interests of an individual patient. Allowing the anxieties and biases of the moment to blur our judgement. Nor should we leave decisions about genetic enhancement to the whims of the market place or in the hands of patients or families. This may be too easily swayed by messages in the media about what standards of appearance, and behavior are acceptable. We need to decide what enhancements we consider unacceptable, and prevent their use. Furthermore sometimes we forget the real importance of a human life, too often scientists treat human as animals because of their experiments. We all want to live in a good world preferably without any kind of illness, but if this means destroy our nature may be is time to think watts we are doing and were we are going to end. Medicine exists since the humane race exists, but in the past was different; it was an armless medicine created in order to take care of real ill people. On the other hand whiteout out the progress in medicine we won't survey in this way. We can certainly affirm that we have a cure for almost everything: beginning from the fever and ending. Bibliography: .personal notes

Hunting for Witches in the Family Tree

Hunting for Witches in the Family Tree Whether your ancestor was actually a practicing witch, or someone accused of or involved with witchcraft or witch hunting, it can add a touch of interest to your family history. Of course, were not talking about the witches we think of today - the black pointy hat, the warty nose, and the ragged broomstick. Most women, and men, who were accused of witchcraft, were feared for their nonconformist ways more than anything else. It can still be fun to claim a witch in the family tree. Witchcraft in Europe Colonial America Talk of witches often brings the famous Salem Witch Trials to mind, but punishment for practicing witchcraft was not unique to colonial Massachusetts. A strong fear of witchcraft was prevalent in 15th century Europe where strict laws against witchcraft were put into effect. It is estimated that around 1,000 people were hanged as witches in England over a 200-year period. The last documented case of an individual found guilty of the crime of witchcraft was Jane Wenham, charged with â€Å"conversing familiarly with the Devil in the shape of a cat  in 1712. She was reprieved. The largest group of convicted witches in England were nine Lancashire witches sent to the gallows in 1612, and nineteen witches hanged at Chelmsford in 1645. Between 1610 and 1840, it is estimated that over 26,000 accused witches were burned at the stake in Germany. Between three and five thousand witches were executed in 16th and 17th century Scotland. The anti-witchcraft sentiment that had been growing in England and Europe undoubtedly had an impact on the Puritans in America, ultimately leading to the witch craze and subsequent Salem Witch Trials Resources for Researching the Salem Witch Trials Salem Witch Trials - Documentary Archive Transcription ProjectThe Salem Witchcraft Papers from the University of Virginias Electronic Text Institute provide a wealth of primary source documents, including a verbatim transcript of the legal documents generated during the arrests, trials, and deaths of the accused Salem witches in 1692. The site also includes site lists of jurors, Puritan ministers, judges, defenders and others involved in the Salem Witch Trials, plus historical maps.The Associated Daughters of Early American WitchesA membership society geared toward preserving the names of those accused of witchery in Colonial America prior to 1699 and to locate living female descendants of those witches. Contains a comprehensive list of accused witches.Genealogy of Witch Trial Ancestors FamiliesGenealogy reports for six of the individuals involved in the infamous Salem Witch Trials, including accused witches and officials involved in the trials. Researching Witch Trials the Witch Craze in Europe The Witch Hunts (1400-1800)Maintained by Professor Brian Pavlac at Kings College in Wilkes Barre, PA, this site examines the European witch craze through timelines and discussion of common theories, errors, and myths behind the Witch Hunts. You can also suffer through witch hunting first hand in an interesting simulation of a 1628 witch hunt.​Survey of Scottish Witchcraft 1563 - 1736An interactive database contains all individuals known to have been accused of witchcraft in early modern Scotland - nearly 4,000 in total. Supporting material provides background information on the database and an introduction to Scottish witchcraft. References Gibbons, Jenny. Recent Developments in the Study of the Great European Witch Hunt. Pomegranate, Vol. 5, 1998.History of the witch hunt (Geschichte der Hexenverfolgung). Maintained by the Server Frà ¼he Neuzeit (University of Mà ¼nchen) in cooperation with the Arbeitskreis fà ¼r Interdisziplinre Hexenforschung (research group for interdisciplinary witchcraft research). Mainly in German.Zguta, Russell. Witchcraft Trials in Seventeenth-Century Russia The American Historical Review, Vol. 82, No. 5, Dec. 1977, pp. 1187-1207.

Starting An Aquarium Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Starting An Aquarium - Lab Report Example Water in the glass or fibre tank provides the fish with a close to nature location. When the fish are bought and put in the aquarium, they find it an almost natural habitat. There are plants to provide oxygen, the gravel at the bottom acting as a substrate for the plants. The light not only makes the fish look attractive, it helps the plants grow too. The filter helps keep the water clean for the fish, and drains out unwanted chemicals, like ammonia. The powerhead is used to gently circulate the water and drain it out when required. * List of materials and equipment 1. Fish tank: glass or fibre. 2. Stand for the tank. 3. Gravel for the plants. 4. Lights, preferably CFL for the tank. 5. Filter 6. Hood 7. Powerhead 8. Air pumps 9. Net 10. Cleaning Equipment 11. Fish * Directions Steps 1. Choose the Tank: Chose the tank, depending on the size and shape that fits your room. 2. Select or make a stand for the tank to rest on. 3. Place the soil at the bottom, aquarium soil called fluorite is available in pet shops. 4. Next, place the gravel on the layer of soil. 5. Place the decorative material. 6. Add water gently into the tank through a siphon. 7. Drill the hole near the bottom and place a filter (Eheim 2313 Classic filter).Make sure there is a filter intake and filter output 8. Add a CO2 system(yeast/fermentation plant) to help the plants grow well. 9. Place a heater is near the water flow, such as the outlet (or inlet) from the filter, or in the stream of a power head. 10. Install the plants and add water . 11. Add the fish. 12. Place the aquarium lid on top along with the lights, preferably fluorescent. 13. The aquarium is ready to be used.

Project management---management of project organization Essay - 2

Project management---management of project organization - Essay Example Basically, a typical construction contractor should have a tall structure while a management consulting company should a flat structure. This will help the consulting company to make informed decisions after consulting other members in the organization. Different organizational structures pose different challenges on managing projects. Decision making in a tall organizational structure is long and in some cases information is lost. Bureaucratic structures can make it difficult to manage a project. On the other hand, a flat organizational structure can make it easy to manage a project since different functions are delegated to other parties. For projects that cross functional boundaries, a flat structure is ideal. Decisions are promptly made and changes can also be quickly made. The outcome of a project in such a case is determined by the nature of the structure of the organization as well as how the tasks are assigned to different people involved. The project manager will delegate other tasks to other members in functional departments and these people would help him manage the project since he may not be able to oversee all the functions especially in a big project. Project management can be conceptualised as technology. According to Jones (2013), technology refers to the â€Å"skills, knowledge, abilities, techniques, materials, machines, computers, tools, and other equipment that people use to convert or change raw materials into valuable goods and services.† Technology is further categorised as individual, functional or organizational. The structure of the organization has a bearing on the technology used in carrying out project management. For instance, a centralised structure is effective in as far as technology is concerned in carrying out a project in small organizations. In the event that technology used is routine, a